Burchill, M. J., Gramotnev, D. K., Gramotnev, G., et al. (2011). Monitoring and analysis of combustion aerosol emissions from fast moving diesel trains. The Science of the Total Environment, 409(5), 985–93. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.11.025
Health Effects of Diesel Exhaust. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://oehha.ca.gov/air/health-effects-diesel-exhaust
Asthma
Brandt, S. J., Perez, L., Künzli, N., et al. (2012). Costs of childhood asthma due to traffic-related pollution in two California communities. The European Respiratory Journal, 40(2), 363–70. http://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00157811
Cancer
*Benbrahim-Tallaa, L., Baan, R. A., Grosse, Y., et al. (2012). Carcinogenicity of diesel-engine and gasoline-engine exhausts and some nitroarenes. The Lancet Oncology, 13(7), 663–664. http://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70280-2
KOTIN, P., FALK, H. L., & THOMAS, M. (1955). Aromatic hydrocarbons. III. Presence in the particulate phase of diesel-engine exhausts and the carcinogenicity of exhaust extracts. A.M.A. Archives of Industrial Health, 11(2), 113–20. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13227636
Cardiopulmonary and Immune Response
McDonald, J. D., Campen, M. J., Harrod, K. S., et al. (2011). Engine-operating load influences diesel exhaust composition and cardiopulmonary and immune responses. Environmental Health Perspectives, 119(8), 1136–41. http://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1003101
Cognitive Performance
Chen, J.-C., & Schwartz, J. (2009). Neurobehavioral effects of ambient air pollution on cognitive performance in US adults. Neurotoxicology, 30(2), 231–9. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2008.12.011
COPD
Hart, J. E., Eisen, E. A., & Laden, F. (2012). Occupational diesel exhaust exposure as a risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine, 18(2), 151–4. http://doi.org/10.1097/MCP.0b013e32834f0eaa
Diabetes and Obesity
Liu, C., Ying, Z., Harkema, J., et al. (2013). Epidemiological and experimental links between air pollution and type 2 diabetes. Toxicologic Pathology, 41(2), 361–73. http://doi.org/10.1177/0192623312464531
Sun, Q., Yue, P., Deiuliis, J. A., et al. (2009). Ambient air pollution exaggerates adipose inflammation and insulin resistancein a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Circulation, 119(4), 538–46. http://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.799015
Sun, Z., Mukherjee, B., Brook, R. D., et al. (2013). Air-Pollution and Cardiometabolic Diseases (AIRCMD): a prospective study investigating the impact of air pollution exposure and propensity for type II diabetes. The Science of the Total Environment, 448, 72–8. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.087
Heart Disease
*Hart, J. E., Garshick, E., Smith, T. J., et al. (2013). Ischaemic heart disease mortality and years of work in trucking industry workers. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 70(8), 523–528. http://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2011-100017
Januário, D. A. N. F., Perin, P. M., Maluf, M., et al. (2010). Biological effects and dose-response assessment of diesel exhaust particles on in vitro early embryo development in mice. Toxicological Sciences : An Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology, 117(1), 200–8. http://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfq165
Lung Cancer
Bhatia, R., Lopipero, P., & Smith, A. H. (1998). Diesel exhaust exposure and lung cancer. Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 9(1), 84–91. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9430274
IARC: diesel engine exhaust carcinogenic. (2012). Central European Journal of Public Health. http://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djs034
Laumbach, R. J., & Kipen, H. M. (2011). Does diesel exhaust cause lung cancer (yet)? American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 183(7), 843–4. http://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201011-1870ED
*Olsson, A. C., Gustavsson, P., Kromhout, H., et al. (2011). Exposure to diesel motor exhaust and lung cancer risk in a pooled analysis from case-control studies in Europe and Canada. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 183(7), 941–8. http://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201006-0940OC
Pedeli, X., Hoek, G., & Katsouyanni, K. (2011). Risk assessment of diesel exhaust and lung cancer: combining human and animal studies after adjustment for biases in epidemiological studies. Environmental Health : A Global Access Science Source, 10, 30. http://doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-10-30
Pintos, J., Parent, M.-E., Richardson, L., et al. (2012). Occupational exposure to diesel engine emissions and risk of lung cancer: evidence from two case-control studies in Montreal, Canada. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 69(11), 787–92. http://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2012-100964
Other Effects
Hu, S., Herner, J. D., Robertson, W., Kobayashi, R., et al. (2013). Emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitro-PAHs from heavy-duty diesel vehicles with DPF and SCR. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995), 63(8), 984–96. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24010380
McDonald, J. D., Doyle-Eisele, M., Gigliotti, A., et al. (2012). Part 1. Biologic responses in rats and mice to subchronic inhalation of diesel exhaust from U.S. 2007-compliant engines: report on 1-, 3-, and 12-month exposures in the ACES bioassay. Research Report (Health Effects Institute), (166), 9–120. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23156840
OEHHA. (n.d.). Proposition 65 | OEHHA. Retrieved September 9, 2016, from http://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65
Occupational Diesel Exposure
Brüske-Hohlfeld, I., Möhner, M., Ahrens, W., et al. (1999). Lung cancer risk in male workers occupationally exposed to diesel motor emissions in Germany. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 36(4), 405–14. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10470005
Lipsett, M., & Campleman, S. (1999). Occupational exposure to diesel exhaust and lung cancer: a meta-analysis. American Journal of Public Health, 89(7), 1009–17. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10394308
Vermeulen, R., Silverman, D. T., Garshick, E., et al. (2014). Exposure-response estimates for diesel engine exhaust and lung cancer mortality based on data from three occupational cohorts. Environmental Health Perspectives, 122(2), 172–7. http://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1306880
Miners
Attfield, M. D., Schleiff, P. L., Lubin, J. H., et al. T. (2012). The Diesel Exhaust in Miners study: a cohort mortality study with emphasis on lung cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 104(11), 869–83. http://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djs035
Neumeyer-Gromen, A., Razum, O., Kersten, N., et al. (2009). Diesel motor emissions and lung cancer mortality--results of the second follow-up of a cohort study in potash miners. International Journal of Cancer, 124(8), 1900–6. http://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.24127
Silverman, D. T., Lubin, J. H., Blair, A. E., et al. (2014). RE: The Diesel Exhaust in Miners Study (DEMS): a nested case-control study of lung cancer and diesel exhaust. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 106(8). http://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/dju205
Silverman, D. T., Samanic, C. M., Lubin, J. H., et al. (2012). The Diesel Exhaust in Miners study: a nested case-control study of lung cancer and diesel exhaust. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 104(11), 855–68. http://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djs034
Infants
Basu, R., Harris, M., Sie, L., et al. (2014). Effects of fine particulate matter and its constituents on low birth weight among full-term infants in California. Environmental Research, 128, 42–51. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2013.10.008
Port Workers and Nearby Residents
Epa, U., & of Inspector General, O. (2009). At a Glance: EPA Needs to Improve Its Efforts to Reduce Air Emissions at U.S. Ports.
EPA’s Office of Inspector General. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/office-inspector-general
Railroad Workers
Garshick, E., Laden, F., Hart, J. E., et al. (2004). Lung cancer in railroad workers exposed to diesel exhaust. Environmental Health Perspectives, 112(15), 1539–43. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15531439
Garshick, E., Laden, F., Hart, J. E., et al. (2006). Smoking imputation and lung cancer in railroad workers exposed to diesel exhaust. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 49(9), 709–18. http://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.20344
Garshick, E., Schenker, M. B., Muñoz, A., et al. (1987). A case-control study of lung cancer and diesel exhaust exposure in railroad workers. The American Review of Respiratory Disease, 135(6), 1242–8. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3592400
Hart, J. E., Laden, F., Schenker, M. B., et al. (2006). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mortality in diesel-exposed railroad workers. Environmental Health Perspectives, 114(7), 1013–7. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16835052
*Laden, F., Hart, J. E., Eschenroeder, A., et al. (2006). Historical estimation of diesel exhaust exposure in a cohort study of U.S. railroad workers and lung cancer. Cancer Causes and Control, 17(7), 911–919. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-006-0027-5
Trucking Industry Workers
*Garshick, E., Laden, F., Hart, J. E., et al. (2012). Lung cancer and elemental carbon exposure in trucking industry workers. Environmental Health Perspectives, 120(9), 1301–6. http://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1204989
Residents Near Highways
Hinds, Williams C., Sioutas, Constantinos, Z., & Yifang. (2001). 2001 Annual Report | Relationship Between Ultrafine Particle Size Distribution and Distance From Highways| Research Project Database | NCER | ORD | US EPA. Retrieved September 9, 2016, from https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.abstractdetail/abstract/6984/report/2001
Maheswaran, R., & Elliott, P. (2003). Stroke mortality associated with living near main roads in England and wales: a geographical study. Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation, 34(12), 2776–80. http://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000101750.77547.11
*Zhu, Y., Hinds, W. C., Kim, S., et al. (2002). Study of ultrafine particles near a major highway with heavy-duty diesel traffic. Atmospheric Environment, 36(27), 4323–4335. http://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00354-0
Residents Near Railroads
*Hricko, A., Rowland, G., Eckel, S., et al. (2014). Global trade, local impacts: Lessons from California on health impacts and environmental justice concerns for residents living near freight rail yards. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 11(2), 1914–1941. http://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110201914
Residents Near Warehouses
Storing Harm: the Health and Community Impacts of Goods Movement Warehousing and Logistics. (2012).
*American Heart Association. (2010). Particulate matter air pollution and cardiovascular disease: An update to the scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20458016
Bishop, G. A., Schuchmann, B. G., & Stedman, D. H. (2013). Heavy-duty truck emissions in the South Coast Air Basin of California. Environmental Science & Technology, 47(16), 9523–9. http://doi.org/10.1021/es401487b
Clean Air Action Plan. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.cleanairactionplan.org
Draft Revised Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment (External Draft, July 1999). (n.d.). Retrieved from https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/risk/recordisplay.cfm?deid=54932&CFID=69957140&CFTOKEN=45584386
EXECUTIVE ORDER B-32-15. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=19046
The Report on Diesel Exhaust. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.arb.ca.gov/toxics/dieseltac/de-fnds.htm